In 2019, Bill Gates offered his thoughts on the Review’s breakthrough technologies. Holding up the plow as a quintessential breakthrough technology, he asked the reader and the Review to examine what it means for a technology to change our lives. Gates suggests that a breakthrough technology aims to either impact the quality of our lives or the length of our lives. This is a reasonable categorization that brings up the question: which of the past 240 technologies have significantly impacted the quality of life or the length of life, whether for humans or other species?