Theoretical Foundations

Jon Kleinberg: navigable systems require a balance of local links (efficiency) and long-range randomness (serendipity).

Jane Jacobs, William Whyte: complexity and spontaneity as civic virtues.

Urban morphologies (CNU, space syntax): form constrains or enables experiential sequences.

Post-COVID shift: city as platform for culture, leisure, learning—not just work.

Place typologies: importance of 1.5 and 2.5 places as zones of porousness and hybrid use.